วันอาทิตย์ที่ 13 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2554

วันเสาร์ที่ 12 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2554

SCANS skills are divided into two categories:

Foundation Skills ─ skills people bring to a job, also known as transferable skills
Functional Skills ─ skills specific to the functions workers perform doing their job

FOUNDATION SKILLS

I. Basic Skills

Reading - Locates, understands, and interprets written information in prose and documents including manuals, graphs, and schedules to perform tasks. Learns from text by determining the main idea or essential message.
Writing - Communicates thoughts, ideas, information, and messages in writing. Composes and creates documents such as letters, directions, manuals, reports, proposals, graphs, and flow charts with language, style, organization, and format appropriate to the subject matter, purpose, and audience.
Arithmetic - Performs basic computations using basic numerical concepts, such as whole numbers and percentages, in practical situations. Uses tables, graphs, diagrams, and charts to obtain or convey quantitative information.
Speaking - Organizes ideas and communicates oral messages appropriate to listeners and situations. Participates in conversations, discussions, and group presentations. Speaks clearly.
Listening - Listens carefully and understands and responds to listener feedback. Receives, interprets, and responds to verbal messages and other cues such as body language.

II. Thinking Skills

Creative thinking - Uses imagination freely. Combines ideas or information in new ways. Makes connections between seemingly unrelated ideas, and reshapes goals in ways that reveal new possibilities.
Decision-making - Specifies goals and constraints. Generates alternatives, considers risks, and evaluates and chooses best alternative.
Problem solving - Recognizes that a problem exists. Identifies possible reasons for the differences and creates and implements a plan of action to resolve them. Evaluates and monitors progress and revises plan as indicated by findings.
Knowing how to learn - can adapt and apply new knowledge and skills to both familiar and changing situations. Is able to use ways of learning, such as note taking and organizing information. Becomes aware of false assumptions that may lead to wrong conclusions.

III. Personal Qualities

Responsibility - Exerts effort and perseverance toward attaining goals. Works to become excellent at doing tasks by setting high standards, paying attention to details, working well even when assigned an unpleasant task, and displaying a high level of concentration.
Social skills - Demonstrates understanding, friendliness, adaptability, empathy, and politeness in new and ongoing group settings. Asserts self in familiar and unfamiliar social situations. Relates well to others. Responds appropriately. Takes an interest in what others say and do.
Self-management - Assesses own knowledge, skills, and abilities accurately; sets well-defined and realistic personal goals. Monitors progress toward goal attainment and motivates self through goal achievement. Exhibits self-control and responds to feedback unemotionally and nondefensively. A “self-starter.”
Integrity/honesty - Can be trusted. Recognizes when faced with making a decision or acting in ways that may break with commonly held personal or societal values. Understands the impact of violating these beliefs and codes in respect to an organization, self, or others. Chooses an ethical course of action.

FUNCTIONAL SKILLS

IV. Resources

Manages time - Selects important, goal-related activities and ranks them in order of importance. Allocates time to activities and understands, prepares, and follows schedules.
Manages money - Uses or prepares budgets, including making cost and revenue forecasts. Keeps detailed records to track budget performance and makes appropriate adjustments.
Manages material and facility resources - Acquires, stores, and distributes materials, supplies, parts, equipment, space, or final products in order to make the best use of them.
Manages human resources - Assesses people’s knowledge, skills, abilities, and potential. Identifies present and future workload. Makes effective matches between individual talents and workload. Monitors performance and provides feedback.

V. Systems & Technology

Understands systems - Knows how social, organizational, and technological systems work and operates effectively within them. Makes suggestions to modify systems to improve products or services, and develops new or alternative systems maintenance and quality control.
Uses technology - Judges which set of procedures, tools, or machines will produce the desired results. Understands the overall intent and the proper procedures for setting up and operating machines, including computers and their programming systems. Prevents, identifies, or solves problems in machines, computers, and other technology.

VI. Informational Skills

Acquires and evaluates information - Identifies need for data. Obtains it from existing sources or creates it and evaluates its relevance and accuracy.
Organizes and maintains information – Organizes processes and maintains written or computerized records and other forms of information in a systematic fashion.
Interprets and communicates information - Selects and analyzes information and communicates the results to others using oral, written, graphic, pictorial or multimedia methods.

VII. Interpersonal Skills

Participates as a member of a team - Works cooperatively with others and contributes to group effort with ideas, suggestions, and effort. Resolves differences for the benefit of the team and takes personal responsibility for accomplishing goals.
Teaches others - Helps others obtain necessary information and skills. Identifies training needs and supplies job information to help others see its use and relevance to tasks.
Serves clients, customers - Works and communicates with clients and customers to satisfy their expectations. Actively listens to clients and customers to avoid misunderstandings and identify needs. Communicates in a positive manner, especially when handling complaints or conflict.
Exercises leadership - Communicates thoughts, feelings, and ideas to justify a position; encourages, persuades, convinces, or otherwise motivates an individual or groups; responsibly challenges existing procedures and policies
Works with cultural diversity - Works well with men, women, and those with a variety of ethnic, social, or educational backgrounds. Bases impressions on individual performance, not on stereotypes.